diff --git a/atheos.cpp b/atheos.cpp
index b223ad8..dba6930 100644
--- a/atheos.cpp
+++ b/atheos.cpp
@@ -625,6 +625,8 @@ struct graphics_driver atheos_driver = {
 	ath_draw_vline,
 	ath_scroll,
 	ath_set_clip_area,
+	NULL,				/* start_draw */
+	NULL,				/* end_draw */
 	ath_flush,
 	NULL,				/* block */
 	NULL,				/* unblock */
diff --git a/bfu.c b/bfu.c
index 7592bae..92a1c3a 100644
--- a/bfu.c
+++ b/bfu.c
@@ -386,6 +386,7 @@ static void display_menu_item_gfx(struct terminal *term, struct menu *menu, int
 	struct graphics_device *dev = term->dev;
 	int y;
 	if (it < menu->view || it >= menu->ni || it >= menu->view + menu->nview) return;
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 	y = menu->y + G_MENU_TOP_BORDER + (it - menu->view) * G_BFU_FONT_SIZE;
 	if (item->hotkey == M_BAR && !get_text_translation(item->text, term)[0]) {
 		drv->fill_area(dev, menu->x + (G_MENU_LEFT_BORDER - 1) / 2 + 1, y, menu->x + menu->xw - (G_MENU_LEFT_BORDER + 1) / 2, y + (G_BFU_FONT_SIZE - 1) / 2, bfu_bg_color);
@@ -464,6 +465,7 @@ static void display_menu_item_gfx(struct terminal *term, struct menu *menu, int
 				drv->fill_area(dev, menu->x + menu->xw - G_MENU_LEFT_BORDER - G_MENU_LEFT_INNER_BORDER, y, menu->x + menu->xw - G_MENU_LEFT_BORDER, y + G_BFU_FONT_SIZE, bfu_fg_color);
 		}
 	}
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 static void display_menu_gfx(struct terminal *term, void *menu_)
@@ -480,6 +482,7 @@ static void display_menu_gfx(struct terminal *term, void *menu_)
 #define PX2 (menu->x + menu->xw - (G_MENU_LEFT_BORDER + 1) / 2)
 #define PY1 (menu->y + (G_MENU_TOP_BORDER - 1) / 2)
 #define PY2 (menu->y + menu->yw - (G_MENU_TOP_BORDER + 1) / 2)
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, menu->x, menu->y, menu->x + menu->xw, PY1, bfu_bg_color);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, menu->x, PY1, PX1, PY2 + 1, bfu_bg_color);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, PX2 + 1, PY1, menu->x + menu->xw, PY2 + 1, bfu_bg_color);
@@ -494,6 +497,7 @@ static void display_menu_gfx(struct terminal *term, void *menu_)
 	menu_ptr_set = 0;
 	for (p = menu->view; p < menu->ni && p < menu->view + menu->nview; p++) display_menu_item_gfx(term, menu, p);
 	if (!menu_ptr_set) set_window_ptr(menu->win, menu->x, menu->y);
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 #endif
@@ -723,6 +727,7 @@ static void display_mainmenu(struct terminal *term, void *menu_)
 	} else {
 		struct graphics_device *dev = term->dev;
 		int i, p;
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 		drv->fill_area(dev, 0, 0, p = G_MAINMENU_LEFT_BORDER, G_BFU_FONT_SIZE, bfu_bg_color);
 		for (i = 0; i < menu->ni; i++) {
 			int s = i == menu->selected;
@@ -743,6 +748,7 @@ static void display_mainmenu(struct terminal *term, void *menu_)
 			}
 		}
 		drv->fill_area(dev, p, 0, term->x, G_BFU_FONT_SIZE, bfu_bg_color);
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 #endif
 	}
 }
@@ -967,6 +973,7 @@ void display_dlg_item(struct dialog_data *dlg, struct dialog_item_data *di, int
 	} else {
 		struct rect rr;
 		struct graphics_device *dev = term->dev;
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 		if (!dlg->s) restrict_clip_area(dev, &rr, dlg->rr.x1, dlg->rr.y1, dlg->rr.x2, dlg->rr.y2);
 		switch (di->item->type) {
 			int p, pp;
@@ -1075,6 +1082,7 @@ void display_dlg_item(struct dialog_data *dlg, struct dialog_item_data *di, int
 				internal_error("display_dlg_item: unknown item: %d", di->item->type);
 		}
 		if (!dlg->s) set_clip_area(dev, &rr);
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 #endif
 	}
 }
@@ -1230,9 +1238,11 @@ static void redraw_dialog(struct terminal *term, void *dlg_)
 	}
 #ifdef G
 	if (F) {
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(term->dev);
 		set_clip_area(term->dev, &dlg->r);
 		for (i = 0; i < dlg->s->m; i++) if (is_rect_valid(&dlg->s->r[i]))
 			drv->fill_area(term->dev, dlg->s->r[i].x1, dlg->s->r[i].y1, dlg->s->r[i].x2, dlg->s->r[i].y2, bfu_bg_color);
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(term->dev);
 		mem_free(dlg->s);
 		dlg->s = NULL;
 	}
@@ -1791,6 +1801,7 @@ void draw_dlg(struct dialog_data *dlg)
 		if (TXT_Y < dlg->y + G_DIALOG_TOP_BORDER + G_DIALOG_HLINE_SPACE + 1 - G_BFU_FONT_SIZE) TXT_Y = dlg->y + G_DIALOG_TOP_BORDER + G_DIALOG_HLINE_SPACE + 1 - G_BFU_FONT_SIZE;
 		set_window_pos(dlg->win, dlg->x, dlg->y, dlg->x + dlg->xw, dlg->y + dlg->yw);
 
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 		restrict_clip_area(dev, &r, TXT_X, TXT_Y, TXT_X + tl, TXT_Y + G_BFU_FONT_SIZE);
 		rt.x1 = TXT_X;
 		rt.x2 = TXT_X + tl;
@@ -1837,6 +1848,7 @@ void draw_dlg(struct dialog_data *dlg)
 		add_to_rect_set(&dlg->s, &dlg->rr);
 		exclude_rect_from_set(&dlg->s, &rt);
 		restrict_clip_area(dev, &dlg->r, dlg->rr.x1, dlg->rr.y1, dlg->rr.x2, dlg->rr.y2);
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 #endif
 	}
 }
diff --git a/dip.c b/dip.c
index 2c75109..868adef 100644
--- a/dip.c
+++ b/dip.c
@@ -2020,6 +2020,7 @@ void g_print_text(struct graphics_device *device, int x, int y, struct style *st
 	if (y + style->height <= device->clip.y1 || y >= device->clip.y2)
 		goto o;
 	if (style->flags & FF_UNDERLINE || style->flags & FF_STRIKE) {
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(device);
 		/* Underline or strike */
 		if (!width) {
 		       width = &my_width;
@@ -2050,6 +2051,7 @@ void g_print_text(struct graphics_device *device, int x, int y, struct style *st
 			set_clip_area(device, &saved_clip);
 		}
 		style->flags = original_flags;
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(device);
 		return;
 	}
 	while (*text) {
diff --git a/directfb.c b/directfb.c
index bff6f03..66d2e7e 100644
--- a/directfb.c
+++ b/directfb.c
@@ -793,6 +793,8 @@ struct graphics_driver directfb_driver =
   directfb_draw_vline,
   directfb_scroll,
   directfb_set_clip_area,
+  NULL,	/* start_draw */
+  NULL,	/* end_draw */
   directfb_flush,
   NULL,	 /*  block */
   NULL,	 /*  unblock */
diff --git a/framebuf.c b/framebuf.c
index 7395170..4e2b82a 100644
--- a/framebuf.c
+++ b/framebuf.c
@@ -2145,6 +2145,8 @@ struct graphics_driver fb_driver = {
 	fb_draw_vline,
 	fb_scroll,
 	(void (*)(struct graphics_device *dev))NULL,			/* set_clip_area */
+	NULL, /* start_draw */
+	NULL, /* end_draw */
 	(void (*)(struct graphics_device *dev))NULL,			/* flush */
 	fb_block,
 	fb_unblock,
diff --git a/grx.c b/grx.c
index 8a27e41..dd0475e 100644
--- a/grx.c
+++ b/grx.c
@@ -559,6 +559,8 @@ struct graphics_driver grx_driver = {
 	grx_draw_vline,
 	grx_scroll,
 	grx_set_clip_area,
+	NULL, /* start_draw */
+	NULL, /* end_draw */
 	NULL,
 	grx_block,
 	grx_unblock,
diff --git a/haiku.cpp b/haiku.cpp
index 8031d8f..63f884c 100644
--- a/haiku.cpp
+++ b/haiku.cpp
@@ -988,6 +988,8 @@ struct graphics_driver haiku_driver = {
 	be_draw_vline,
 	be_scroll,
 	be_set_clip_area,
+	NULL,				/* start_draw */
+	NULL,				/* end_draw */
 	be_flush,
 	NULL,				/* block */
 	NULL,				/* unblock */
diff --git a/html_gr.c b/html_gr.c
index e98affe..0db9236 100644
--- a/html_gr.c
+++ b/html_gr.c
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ void g_draw_background(struct graphics_device *dev, struct background *bg, int x
 	}
 	if (test_int_overflow(x, xw, &x2)) x2 = MAXINT;
 	if (test_int_overflow(y, yw, &y2)) y2 = MAXINT;
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, x, y, x2, y2, color);
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 static void g_put_chars(void *, unsigned char *, int);
diff --git a/img.c b/img.c
index e4b78d9..26226bb 100644
--- a/img.c
+++ b/img.c
@@ -1044,6 +1044,7 @@ int get_foreground(int rgb)
 
 static void draw_frame_mark(struct graphics_device *dev, int x, int y, int xw, int yw, long bg, long fg, int broken)
 {
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	if (xw<1||yw<1) internal_error("zero dimension in draw_frame_mark");
 #endif /* #ifdef DEBUG */
@@ -1101,6 +1102,7 @@ static void draw_frame_mark(struct graphics_device *dev, int x, int y, int xw, i
 			draw_frame_mark(dev, x + 1, y + 1, xw - 2, yw - 2, bg, fg, 3);
 		}
 	}
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 static long image_backgronud(struct cached_image *cimg)
@@ -1126,6 +1128,7 @@ static void draw_picture(struct f_data_c *fdatac, struct g_object_image *goi, in
 	struct cached_image *cimg = goi->cimg;
 	struct rect saved;
 
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	if (goi->cimg->state < 12 || goi->cimg->state >= 16) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "cimg->state=%d\n", cimg->state);
@@ -1151,6 +1154,7 @@ static void draw_picture(struct f_data_c *fdatac, struct g_object_image *goi, in
 		drv->fill_area(dev, x, y + cimg->bmp.y, x + goi->goti.go.xw, y + goi->goti.go.yw, bg);
 	}
 	set_clip_area(dev, &saved);
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 /* Ensures in buffer there is not newer picture than in bitmap. Allowed to be
diff --git a/links.h b/links.h
index 3a29a08..4e68df0 100644
--- a/links.h
+++ b/links.h
@@ -1904,6 +1904,7 @@ struct graphics_device {
 	/*int left, right, top, bottom;*/
 	struct rect clip;
 		/* right, bottom are coords of the first point that are outside the clipping area */
+	int drawing;
 
 	void *driver_data;
 
@@ -1970,6 +1971,9 @@ struct graphics_driver {
 	 /* when set is not NULL rectangles in the set (uncovered area) should be redrawn */
 	void (*set_clip_area)(struct graphics_device *dev);
 
+	void (*start_draw)(struct graphics_device *dev);
+	void (*end_draw)(struct graphics_device *dev);
+
 	void (*flush)(struct graphics_device *dev);
 
 	int (*block)(struct graphics_device *dev);	/* restore old videomode and disable drawing on terminal */
diff --git a/listedit.c b/listedit.c
index bc025a6..edbefa4 100644
--- a/listedit.c
+++ b/listedit.c
@@ -277,6 +277,8 @@ static int draw_bfu_element(struct terminal * term, int x, int y, unsigned char
 		struct graphics_device *dev=term->dev;
 		struct rect r;
 
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
+
 		restrict_clip_area(dev,&r,x,y,x+5*BFU_GRX_WIDTH,y+BFU_GRX_HEIGHT);
 
 		switch (type)
@@ -397,6 +399,7 @@ static int draw_bfu_element(struct terminal * term, int x, int y, unsigned char
 		}
 
 		set_clip_area(dev, &r);
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 		return BFU_ELEMENT_WIDTH;
 	}
 #endif
@@ -1078,11 +1081,13 @@ static void redraw_list_element(struct terminal *term, struct dialog_data *dlg,
 		struct rect old_area;
 		struct style *stl = l == ld->current_pos ? bfu_style_wb : bfu_style_bw;
 
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(term->dev);
 		restrict_clip_area(term->dev, &old_area, dlg->x + x + DIALOG_LB, y, dlg->x + DIALOG_LB + w, y + G_BFU_FONT_SIZE);
 		g_print_text(term->dev, dlg->x + x + DIALOG_LB, y, stl, txt, NULL);
 		x += g_text_width(stl, txt);
 		drv->fill_area(term->dev, dlg->x + DIALOG_LB + x, y, dlg->x + DIALOG_LB + w, y + G_BFU_FONT_SIZE, bgcolor);
 		set_clip_area(term->dev, &old_area);
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(term->dev);
 	}
 #endif
 	mem_free(txt);
@@ -1099,6 +1104,7 @@ static void redraw_list(struct terminal *term, void *bla)
 	int w = dlg->xw - 2 * DIALOG_LB - (F ? sirka_scrollovadla : 0);
 	y = dlg->y + DIALOG_TB;
 
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(term->dev);
 #ifdef G
 	if (F) {
 		int total = get_total_items(ld);
@@ -1123,6 +1129,7 @@ static void redraw_list(struct terminal *term, void *bla)
 		if (dlg->s) exclude_from_set(&dlg->s, dlg->x + DIALOG_LB, y, dlg->x + DIALOG_LB + w, dlg->y + DIALOG_TB + ld->n_items * G_BFU_FONT_SIZE);
 	}
 #endif
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(term->dev);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/pmshell.c b/pmshell.c
index 6623d91..702ab6a 100644
--- a/pmshell.c
+++ b/pmshell.c
@@ -2887,6 +2887,8 @@ struct graphics_driver pmshell_driver = {
 	pm_draw_vline,
 	pm_scroll,
 	NULL,
+	NULL, /* start_draw */
+	NULL, /* end_draw */
 	pm_flush,
 	NULL, /* block */
 	NULL, /* unblock */
diff --git a/session.c b/session.c
index ad2281d..523d881 100644
--- a/session.c
+++ b/session.c
@@ -284,9 +284,11 @@ static void x_print_screen_status(struct terminal *term, void *ses_)
 		if (ses->st) print_text(term, 0, term->y - 1, (int)strlen(cast_const_char ses->st), ses->st, COLOR_STATUS);
 #ifdef G
 	} else {
+		if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(term->dev);
 		int l = 0;
 		if (ses->st) g_print_text(term->dev, 0, term->y - G_BFU_FONT_SIZE, bfu_style_wb_mono, ses->st, &l);
 		drv->fill_area(term->dev, l, term->y - G_BFU_FONT_SIZE, term->x, term->y, !proxies.only_proxies ? bfu_bg_color : bfu_fg_color);
+		if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(term->dev);
 #endif
 	}
 }
@@ -666,6 +668,7 @@ void download_window_function(struct dialog_data *dlg)
 		} else {
 			unsigned char *q;
 			int p, s, ss, m;
+			if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(term->dev);
 			y += G_BFU_FONT_SIZE;
 			q = download_percentage(down, 1);
 			extend_str(&q, 1);
@@ -683,6 +686,7 @@ void download_window_function(struct dialog_data *dlg)
 			if (dlg->s) exclude_from_set(&dlg->s, x, y, x + w, y + G_BFU_FONT_SIZE);
 			mem_free(q);
 			y += G_BFU_FONT_SIZE;
+			if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(term->dev);
 #endif
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/svgalib.c b/svgalib.c
index 4c0c772..567be08 100644
--- a/svgalib.c
+++ b/svgalib.c
@@ -2380,6 +2380,8 @@ struct graphics_driver svga_driver = {
 	NULL, /* draw_vline */
 	NULL, /* scroll */
 	NULL, /* set_clip_area */
+	NULL, /* start_draw */
+	NULL, /* end_draw */
 	NULL, /* flush */
 	vga_block, /* block */
 	vga_unblock, /* unblock */
diff --git a/view_gr.c b/view_gr.c
index 6fe0414..8e96316 100644
--- a/view_gr.c
+++ b/view_gr.c
@@ -476,6 +476,7 @@ static long scroll_bar_bar_color;
 void draw_vscroll_bar(struct graphics_device *dev, int x, int y, int yw, int total, int view, int pos)
 {
 	int spos, epos;
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 	drv->draw_hline(dev, x, y, x + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scroll_bar_frame_color);
 	drv->draw_vline(dev, x, y, y + yw, scroll_bar_frame_color);
 	drv->draw_vline(dev, x + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 1, y, y + yw, scroll_bar_frame_color);
@@ -486,11 +487,13 @@ void draw_vscroll_bar(struct graphics_device *dev, int x, int y, int yw, int tot
 	drv->fill_area(dev, x + 2, y + 1, x + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 2, y + 2 + spos, scroll_bar_area_color);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, x + 2, y + 2 + spos, x + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 2, y + 2 + epos, scroll_bar_bar_color);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, x + 2, y + 2 + epos, x + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 2, y + yw - 1, scroll_bar_area_color);
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 void draw_hscroll_bar(struct graphics_device *dev, int x, int y, int xw, int total, int view, int pos)
 {
 	int spos, epos;
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 	drv->draw_vline(dev, x, y, y + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scroll_bar_frame_color);
 	drv->draw_hline(dev, x, y, x + xw, scroll_bar_frame_color);
 	drv->draw_hline(dev, x, y + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 1, x + xw, scroll_bar_frame_color);
@@ -501,6 +504,7 @@ void draw_hscroll_bar(struct graphics_device *dev, int x, int y, int xw, int tot
 	drv->fill_area(dev, x + 1, y + 2, x + 2 + spos, y + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 2, scroll_bar_area_color);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, x + 2 + spos, y + 2, x + 2 + epos, y + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 2, scroll_bar_bar_color);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, x + 2 + epos, y + 2, x + xw - 1, y + G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH - 2, scroll_bar_area_color);
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 static void g_get_search(struct f_data *f, unsigned char *s)
@@ -567,9 +571,11 @@ void draw_graphical_doc(struct terminal *t, struct f_data_c *scr, int active)
 	vx = vs->view_posx;
 	vy = vs->view_pos;
 	restrict_clip_area(t->dev, &old, scr->xp, scr->yp, scr->xp + xw, scr->yp + yw);
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(t->dev);
 	if (scr->vsb) draw_vscroll_bar(t->dev, scr->xp + xw - G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scr->yp, yw - scr->hsb * G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scr->f_data->y, yw - scr->hsb * G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, vs->view_pos);
 	if (scr->hsb) draw_hscroll_bar(t->dev, scr->xp, scr->yp + yw - G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, xw - scr->vsb * G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scr->f_data->x, xw - scr->vsb * G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, vs->view_posx);
 	if (scr->vsb && scr->hsb) drv->fill_area(t->dev, scr->xp + xw - G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scr->yp + yw - G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scr->xp + xw, scr->yp + yw, scroll_bar_frame_color);
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(t->dev);
 	restrict_clip_area(t->dev, NULL, scr->xp, scr->yp, scr->xp + xw - scr->vsb * G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH, scr->yp + yw - scr->hsb * G_SCROLL_BAR_WIDTH);
 	/*debug("buu: %d %d %d, %d %d %d", scr->xl, vx, xw, scr->yl, vy, yw);*/
 	if (drv->flags & GD_DONT_USE_SCROLL && overwrite_instead_of_scroll) goto rrr;
@@ -1326,6 +1332,7 @@ void draw_title(struct f_data_c *f)
 	int b, z, w;
 	struct graphics_device *dev = f->ses->term->dev;
 	unsigned char *title = stracpy(!drv->set_title && f->f_data && f->f_data->title && f->f_data->title[0] ? f->f_data->title : NULL);
+	if (drv->start_draw) drv->start_draw(dev);
 	if (!title) {
 		if (f->rq && f->rq->url)
 			title = display_url(f->ses->term, f->rq->url, 1);
@@ -1342,6 +1349,7 @@ void draw_title(struct f_data_c *f)
 	g_print_text(dev, b, 0, !proxies.only_proxies ? bfu_style_bw : bfu_style_wb, title, &b);
 	drv->fill_area(dev, b, 0, dev->size.x2, G_BFU_FONT_SIZE, !proxies.only_proxies ? bfu_bg_color : bfu_fg_color);
 	mem_free(title);
+	if (drv->end_draw) drv->end_draw(dev);
 }
 
 static struct f_data *srch_f_data;
diff --git a/x.c b/x.c
index 1bcebc5..d119394 100644
--- a/x.c
+++ b/x.c
@@ -2985,12 +2985,12 @@ struct graphics_driver x_driver = {
 	x_init_device,
 	x_shutdown_device,
 	x_shutdown_driver,
-	NULL,
+	NULL,				/* emergency_shutdown */
 	x_after_fork,
 	x_get_driver_param,
 	x_get_af_unix_name,
-	NULL,
-	NULL,
+	NULL,				/* get_margin */
+	NULL,				/* set_margin */
 	x_get_empty_bitmap,
 	x_register_bitmap,
 	x_prepare_strip,
@@ -3002,7 +3002,9 @@ struct graphics_driver x_driver = {
 	x_draw_hline,
 	x_draw_vline,
 	x_scroll,
-	NULL,
+	NULL,				/* set_clip_area */
+	NULL,				/* start_draw */
+	NULL,				/* end_draw */
 	x_flush,
 	NULL,				/* block */
 	NULL,				/* unblock */